The following common stock equivalents were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share applicable to common stockholders for the periods indicated because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect:

* As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, this is comprised of 2,117,094 2019 Warrants to purchase common stock issued in connection with the Company’s April 2019 financing (refer to Note 11), 27,548 warrants to purchase common stock issued in connection with the execution and first draw of the Loan Agreement in February 2020 (refer to Note 7), 17,389 warrants to purchase common stock issued in connection with the second draw on the Loan Agreement in December 2020 (refer to Note 7), and 2,828,125 warrants to purchase common stock issued in connection with the private placement in December 2020 (refer to Note 11). As of December 31, 2019, this was comprised solely of 2,118,094 2019 Warrants to purchase common stock issued in connection with the Company’s April 2019 financing.