9. Convertible Preferred Stock and Warrants

Concurrent Public Offerings and Accounting Treatment

On April 9, 2019, the Company completed two concurrent underwritten public offerings of its equity securities. In the first public offering, the Company sold 8,667,333 shares of its common stock and accompanying Class A warrants (the “Warrants”) to purchase 1,951,844 shares of the Company’s common stock, at a combined price to the public of $7.50 per common share and accompanying warrant. In the second public offering, the Company sold 666 shares of its Series A convertible preferred stock (the “Series A Preferred Stock”), and accompanying Warrants to purchase 166,500 shares of the Company’s common stock, at a combined public offering price of $7,500 per share and accompanying warrant. The offerings resulted in aggregate gross proceeds to the Company of $70.0 million, before underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses payable by the Company of approximately $5.0 million.

Each share of Series A Preferred Stock is convertible into 1,000 shares of common stock at any time at the holder’s option, except that such conversion is prohibited if, as a result of such conversion and subject to certain exceptions, the holder, together with its affiliates and attribution parties, would own more than 9.99% of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. This percentage may be changed at the holder’s election to a higher or lower percentage upon 61 days’ notice to the Company.

As of September 30, 2019, all 666 shares of Series A Preferred Stock remain outstanding and have not been converted into shares of common stock.

Each Warrant has an exercise price per share of common stock of $8.625, subject to adjustment in certain circumstances, and will expire on October 10, 2022. Each Warrant is immediately exercisable, provided that the holder is prohibited, subject to certain exceptions, from exercising the Warrant for shares of the Company’s common stock to the extent that immediately prior to or after giving effect to such exercise, the holder, together with its affiliates and other attribution parties, would own more than 4.99% of the total number of shares of the Company’s common stock then issued and outstanding. This percentage may be changed at the holders’ election to a higher or lower percentage upon 61 days’ notice to the Company.

The Company evaluated the Series A Preferred Stock and Warrants for liability or equity classification in accordance with the provisions of ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, and determined that equity treatment was appropriate because neither the Series A Preferred Stock nor the Warrants met the definition of liability instruments.

The Series A Preferred Stock is not mandatorily redeemable and does not embody an obligation to buy back the shares outside of the Company’s control in a manner that could require the transfer of assets. Additionally, the Company determined that the Series A Preferred Stock would be recorded as permanent equity, not temporary equity, given that the holders of equally and more subordinated equity would be entitled to receive the same form of consideration upon the occurrence of the event that gives rise to the redemption or events of redemption that are within the control of the company.

Additionally, as the effective conversion price of the Series A Preferred Stock of $6.57 was below the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the date of issuance of $7.50, the Company determined that the Series A Preferred Stock included a beneficial conversion feature. The Company calculated the beneficial conversion feature to be approximately $0.6 million, which was recorded as a discount to the Series A Preferred Stock at the time of issuance.

The Warrants are classified as component of permanent equity because they are freestanding financial instruments that are legally detachable and separately exercisable from the shares of common stock with which they were issued, are immediately exercisable, do not embody an obligation for the Company to repurchase its shares, and permit the holders to receive a fixed number of shares of common stock upon exercise. In addition, the Warrants do not provide any guarantee of value or return. The Company valued the Warrants at issuance using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and determined the fair value of the Warrants to purchase 2,118,344 shares of the Company’s common stock at $9.0 million. The key inputs to the valuation model included an average volatility of 86.06% and an expected term of 3.5 years.

As of September 30, 2019, Warrants to purchase 2,118,094 shares of common stock are outstanding and remain unexercised.

Description of Series A Preferred Stock

Voting Rights

The Series A Preferred Stock will generally have no voting rights except as required by law and except that the consent of the holders of a majority of the Company’s outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock will be required to amend the terms of the Series A Preferred Stock or take certain other actions with respect to the Series A Preferred Stock.

Dividends

The Series A Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive dividends equal to (on an as-if-converted-to-common stock basis), and in the same form and manner as, dividends actually paid on shares of the Company’s common stock.

Liquidation Rights

Subject to the prior and superior rights of the holders of any securities ranking senior to the Series A Preferred Stock of the Company, upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, whether voluntary or involuntary, each holder of shares of Series A Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive, in preference to any distributions of any of the assets or surplus funds of the Company to the holders of common stock, an amount equal to $0.001 per share of Series A Preferred Stock, plus an additional amount equal to any dividends declared but unpaid on such shares, before any payments shall be made or any assets distributed to holders of any class of common stock.

If, upon any such liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, the assets of the Company shall be insufficient to pay the holders of shares of the Series A Preferred Stock the amount required under the preceding sentence, then all remaining assets of the Company shall be distributed ratably to holders of the shares of the Series A Preferred Stock in proportion to the respective amounts which would otherwise be payable in respect of the shares held by them upon such distribution if all amounts payable on or with respect to such shares were paid in full.

Conversion

Each share of Series A Preferred Stock is convertible, at any time and from time to time from and after the issuance date, at the option of the holder thereof, into 1,000 shares of common stock, provided that the holder will be prohibited from converting Series A Preferred Stock into shares of the Company’s common stock if, as a result of such conversion, the holder, together with its affiliates and attribution parties, would own more than 9.99% of the total number of shares of common stock then issued and outstanding. The holder can change this requirement to a higher or lower percentage upon 61 days’ notice to the Company.

Redemption

The Company is not obligated to redeem or repurchase any shares of Series A Preferred Stock. Shares of Series A Preferred Stock are not entitled to any redemption rights or mandatory sinking fund or analogous fund provisions.